Kinzie capital partners. In 2020, Kinzie invested .
Kinzie capital partners All content is posted anonymously by employees working at Kinzie Capital Partners. She launched Kinzie in 2017 as part of her long-standing vision to advance the use of technology, data analytics and innovation to help companies unlock value. (“GT Golf” or the “Company”), headquartered in Vista, CA with additional locations in Fort Worth, TX and Nov 19, 2019 · About Kinzie Capital Partners LLC Kinzie invests in lower middle-market companies in the consumer, manufacturing and services industries with $3MM to $15MM of EBITDA. NEW YORK – Chelsea Lighting, (“Chelsea”), a value-add lighting and lighting technology distributor with deep project management expertise, today announced Sean Lafferty as Chief Executive Officer. The Fund closed with $20 million of capital commitments from limited partners comprised of high net worth individuals and family offices. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS – Kinzie Capital Partners LP (“Kinzie”), a Chicago-based private equity firm, announced that through an affiliated entity it has acquired GT Golf Holdings, Inc. Feb 27, 2025 · Thank you for registering to attend Kinzie Capital Partners’ Annual Meeting Reception scheduled for Thursday, February 27, 2025 at The Chicago Club. 20 North Clark Street, 36th Floor, Chicago, IL 60602 Peter Schwab is a Senior Advisor and Member of the Investment Committee at Kinzie Capital Partners, where he is involved in investments and portfolio management. Kinzie Capital Partners LP is a Chicago-based investment adviser specializing in private equity services for lower-middle market companies in various industries. Acquisitions. It is the only single-leaf bascule bridge from the “first generation” design that remains in the city today. She launched Kinzie in 2017 as part of her long-standing vision to advance the use of technology and innovation to help companies unlock value. Prior to joining Kinzie, Sharon spent several rewarding years managing a household of five including her husband and three young boys. VISTA, CA – GT Golf Supplies, Inc. 36th Floor. Before Erie Street, she was a Financial Control Manager at Citadel. 20 North Clark Street, 36th Floor, Chicago, IL 60602 Suzanne Yoon is the Founder and ManagingPartner of Kinzie Capital Partners, a Chicago-based private equity firm that invests in lowermiddle market companies in the consumer,manufacturing and service industries. -based Fraser Steel on Feb. The transaction was completed in partnership Feb 18, 2025 · Kinzie Capital Partners LP, a Chicago-based private equity firm, has announced its acquisition of Fraser Steel LLC, a manufacturer of value-added steel tubular products. Prior to Kinzie, Brent spent over 20 years in leadership roles spanning product development, supply chain, operations and mergers and acquisitions. Feb 20, 2024 · About Kinzie Capital Partners LP Kinzie invests in lower middle-market companies in the manufactured products, business services and consumer industries with $3M to $15M of EBITDA. While RiverGlade focuses on health care services, Core Industrial is eyeing industrial and manufacturing companies while Kinzie is looking to do deals in consumer, manufacturing or service sectors. Feb 18, 2025 · CHICAGO, February 18, 2025 -- (BUSINESS WIRE)--Kinzie Capital Partners LP ("Kinzie"), a Chicago-based private equity firm, is pleased to announce the acquisition of Fraser Steel, LLC ("Fraser" or Feb 18, 2025 · Founded in 2017, Kinzie Capital Partners is a private equity firm based in Chicago, Illinois. Feb 21, 2024 · Kinzie Capital invests up to $50 million of capital in US-based companies with revenues of up to $250 million and EBITDA of $3 million to $15 million. * Currently the Managing Partner of Litwin Law, LLC, Nada has over 16 years of legal experience in private equity, securities, mergers and acquisitions, fund formation May 30, 2023 · CHICAGO – Kinzie Capital Partners LP (“Kinzie”) announced the close of the company’s first institutional fund, Kinzie Fund II (“The Fund”). Dec 17, 2023 · Kinzie Capital Partners LP backed GT Golf will expand geographic presence, bolster position as golf wholesale market leader through new investment. ’s profile on Feb 2, 2021 · SUZANNE YOON is the Founder and Managing Partner of Kinzie Capital Partners, a Chicago-based private equity firm that invests in lower middle market companies in the consumer, manufacturing and service industries. Suzanne is the Founder and Managing Partner of Kinzie Capital Partners, a private equity firm that invests in lower middle market companies in business services and manufacturing. David has over 30 years of experience serving a wide range of private, public, and non-profit clients. Founded in 1970, Fraser Steel has built a strong reputation Sep 7, 2021 · With 20 years of investing in and advising middle market companies, Suzanne Yoon is the founder of Kinzie Capital Partners, a Chicago-based private equity firm, with about $150 million AUM, and invests in lower middle-market companies across the consumer, manufacturing and service industries. View Ryan M. Jul 25, 2022 · When we featured Suzanne Yoon back in 2016, she was the managing director of transaction development at Versa Capital. Jun 27, 2019 · Chicago, IL — Kinzie Capital Partners LLC (“Kinzie”) announced the final closing of its first fund, Kinzie Co-Invest Fund L. Aug 21, 2024 · About Kinzie Capital Partners. Feb 18, 2025 · Kinzie Capital Partners has acquired 5 organizations. Her Kinzie Capital Partners is a Chicago-based private equity firm investing in lower middle market companies in the manufactured products, business services, and consumer industries. Chicago, IL 60602. Kinzie is an independent private equity firm focused on providing debt and equity to lower middle market companies in transition. View the latest funds and 13F holdings. While we’ll miss your presence at this significant event, we understand that schedules and priorities sometimes necessitate difficult choices. Kinzie Capital is a Chicago-based private equity firm that invests in lower middle-market companies Jun 11, 2024 · Industry veteran will drive innovation and national growth at leading lighting technology solutions provider . (the "Fund") on June 21, 2019. Managing Partner of Kinzie Capital Partners, a Chicago-based private equity firm. Aug 13, 2021 · Like the view of the Loop neighborhood from its namesake bridge in Chicago, private equity firm Kinzie Capital Partners has had the goal of “constantly ever changing” since its inception in 2017. Experience: Kinzie Capital Partners, LLC · Education: Northwestern University - Kellogg School of Management · Location: Greater Chicago Area · 500+ connections on LinkedIn. Feb 18, 2025 · Kinzie Capital Partners LP is pleased to announce the acquisition of Fraser Steel, LLC, a leading manufacturer of value-added, steel tubular products. Michael brings more than ten years of private equity experience to his role at Kinzie. Kinzie provides strategic guidance to our portfolio companies with expertise focused on financial, operational and technology improvements. Kinzie invests in lower middle-market companies in the manufactured products, business services, and consumer industries Michael Eisinger is a Principal and Member of the Investment Committee at Kinzie Capital Partners, where he is responsible for deal evaluation and execution, deal origination and portfolio company management. The company was founded in 2017 and is based in Chicago, Illinois. Her creative David Namkung is a Founder and Managing Partner at Clarity Partners, where he manages day-to-day operations, business development and service delivery. In alliance with Clarity Partners, LLC, specialists in management and technology consulting, Kinzie has assembled a team of technology, operations and industry experts that work · Experience: Kinzie Capital Partners LP · Location: Greater Chicago Area · 66 connections on LinkedIn. At Kinzie, we are hard-wired for growth and strengthened by relationships. Get updates from Kinzie. Jul 13, 2021 · CHICAGO, ILLINOIS – Kinzie Capital Partners LLC (“Kinzie”), a Chicago based private equity firm, today announced the acquisition of Braeside Displays (“Braeside”), a leading independent point-of-purchase display manufacturer, by Kinzie portfolio company Colony Display LLC (“Colony”). The firm has a strategic alliance with Clarity Partners, a Chicago-based management and technology consulting firm. Press Releases. In its inaugural feature, Crain’s recognized finance leaders in the Chicago area for their successes and accomplishments in the last 18 months. View Suzanne Yoon Feb 19, 2025 · About Kinzie Capital Partners LP. The company's main headquarters is located in 20 North Clark Street 36th floor Chicago, Illinois 60602 US ; you can contact the main corporate office by phone at Nov 10, 2017 · RiverGlade Capital, Core Industrial Partners, and Kinzie Capital Partners have all hung out new shingles this year in Chicago. Should circumstances change, please let us know. Feb 18, 2025 · Kinzie Capital Partners announced its purchase of Albertville, Minn. Dec 18, 2023 · “Kinzie is excited to announce GT Golf’s acquisition of ProActive and GT Golf’s continued growth as the largest distributor of golf accessories in the U. Ms. Sectors of interest include manufactured products, business services and consumer. Myers is an active member of numerous associations, including the Chicago Finance Exchange, the Chicago Shakespeare Board of Directors, The Economic Club of Chicago, Gibraltar Industries Board of Directors, Kinzie Capital Partners Advisory Board, the Lyric Opera of Chicago Board of Directors, National Philanthropic Trust Board of Directors Kinzie Capital Partners is a Chicago-based private equity firm investing in lower middle market companies in the manufactured products, business services and consumer industries. Prior to joining the team, Ryan was a Financial Analyst at Kinzie’s portfolio company Colony Display and an Associate at CLA (CliftonLarsonAllen) in Team Overview & Updates; Partners & External Resources; Portfolio Management; SPV/Fund Performance; Market Updates; Special Guest – Michael Frerichs; Business Development & Pipeline Jun 27, 2019 · CHICAGO, June 27, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Kinzie Capital Partners LLC ("Kinzie") announced the final closing of its first fund, Kinzie Co-Invest Fund L. He will be actively involved in identifying, evaluating and executing Kinzie’s investment opportunities and assisting in managing Kinzie’s portfolio investments. Feb 18, 2025 · Kinzie Capital Partners LP (“Kinzie”), a Chicago-based private equity firm, is pleased to announce the acquisition of Fraser Steel, LLC (“Fraser” or the “Company”), a leading Suzanne currently serves as Founder and Managing Partner of Kinzie Capital Partners, a Chicago-based private equity firm. Learn about their investment approach, portfolio, team, awards and news on LinkedIn. Their most recent acquisition was Fraser Steel on Feb 18, 2025. Prior to joining Kinzie, Katie served as Vice President of Finance at Erie Street Growth Partners in Chicago where she managed the firm’s day to day finance and accounting operations. This acquisition marks a strategic move to enhance Kinzie’s portfolio and solidify its position within the steel manufacturing and fabrication industries. Kinzie invests in lower middle-market companies amidst transition in the consumer, manufacturing, and services industries. The Fund Analyst at Kinzie Capital Partners · Kinzie Capital Partners LP · Southern Methodist University - Cox School of Business · Chicago · 500+ connections on LinkedIn. , economics); Kellogg School of Management Suzanne Yoon is the founder and managing partner of Kinzie Capital Partners, a Chicago-based private equity firm focused on control investments in lower middle market companies in the manufactured products, business services and consumer industries. David has managed the growth and development of Clarity for over 20 years, which includes seven years … Kinzie Capital Partners LLC operates as a private equity firm. View Sharon Lira Gomez’s profile on LinkedIn, a professional community of 1 billion Sep 8, 2020 · On September 8, 2020, private equity firms Kinzie Capital Partners and Patriot Capital acquired electrical equipment company Chelsea Acquisition Highlights. Event Details: Date: Thursday, February 27, 2025; Reception: 6:00 PM – 8:30 PM; Location: Lounge on the Mezzanine Level, The Chicago Club, 81 East Van Buren Street, Chicago, IL 60605; Attire Glassdoor gives you an inside look at what it's like to work at Kinzie Capital Partners, including salaries, reviews, office photos, and more. Operating Partners Human Capital Forum. The Company focuses on buyouts, structured equity, divestiture, carve outs, and minority investments. Nov 10, 2019 · Kinzie Capital Partners, which she co-founded in 2017, just closed its first fund in June, a $20 million co-investment fund that, factoring in co-investment capital, gives the firm the capacity to commit up to $50 million. The next year, Yoon went on to found Kinzie Capital Partners, a Chicago-based PE firm that invests in lower-mid-market companies in the manufactured products, business services and consumer industries. Nada Litwin serves as General Counsel and Senior Legal Advisor for Kinzie Capital Partners, where she manages general legal affairs, corporate governance and compliance matters. Marisa Garcia is an Associate at Kinzie Capital Partners, where she provides support across the firm’s investment activities including financial modeling, industry analysis and portfolio support. We create value by designing innovative strategies, pursuing meaningful partnerships and celebrating change. Whether a company is experiencing a generational shift, period of high growth, or changes in business cycles, they seek opportunities to create lasting change in today’s disruptive environment by leveraging technology and a Learn more about Kinzie Capital Partners with our latest news, podcasts, videos, award announcements and press releases. Compare against similar firms. Kinzie has assembled a team of technology, operations and industry experts that work closely with its portfolio companies to execute strategic vision. In 2017, she launched Kinzie as part of her long-standing vision to advance the use of technology, data analytics and innovation to Kinzie Capital Partners, Chicago, Illinois. Whether companies are navigating a generational shift, a fast-moving period of high growth, or complexity in an industry or business cycle, Kinzie seeks to create lasting positive outcomes by leveraging technology and Nov 1, 2021 · Kinzie Capital Partners LP, located at 20 North Clark, 36th Floor, Chicago, IL 60602 (“Kinzie”), is committed to protecting your privacy. Jan 11, 2023 · New investment will strengthen GT Golf’s position as a leader in the golf wholesale market. ,” said Suzanne Yoon, Founder and Managing Partner of Kinzie Capital Partners. Oct 27, 2020 · CHICAGO – Kinzie Capital Partners LLC (“Kinzie”), a Chicago-based private equity firm, today announced the appointment of Peter Schwab as Senior Advisor and Member of the Investment Committee along with the promotion of Kaitlyn Li to Assistant Vice President and Hyo Joo Lee to Associate. A. In alliance with Clarity Partners, LLC, specialists in management and technology consulting, Kinzie has assembled a team of technology, operations and industry experts that work She also manages Kinzie’s events and community engagement through charity partnerships, community dialogues and volunteer initiatives. This partnership provides dynamic leadership and resources, allowing Chelsea to advance technologically and operationally while accelerating our mission to deliver exceptional service kinzie capital partners ( crd # 305445/sec#:801-124869 ) KINZIE CAPITAL PARTNERS, KINZIE CAPITAL PARTNERS LP, KINZIE CAPITAL PARTNERS LLC View latest Form ADV filed Part 2 Brochures Oct 30, 2020 · Company: Kinzie Capital Partners. Title: Managing partner. S. This is the Kinzie Capital Partners company profile. Kinzie Capital Partners is NOT a BBB Accredited Business. Sep 24, 2020 · About Kinzie Capital Partners LLC Kinzie is a woman and minority owned private equity firm investing in lower middle-market companies in the consumer, manufacturing, and services industries with Track the AUM, funds, and holdings for Kinzie Capital Partners LP over time. (the “Fund”) on June 21, 2019. In 2020, we joined forces with Kinzie Capital Partners, a private equity firm headquartered in Chicago, IL, furthering our vision to bring services nationwide. In 2017, she launched Kinzie as part of her long-standing vision to advance the use of technology, data analytics and innovation to help unlock value for companies. Whether companies are navigating a generational shift, a fast-moving period of high growth, or complexity in an industry or business cycle, Kinzie seeks to create lasting positive outcomes by leveraging technology Jan 26, 2021 · Suzanne Yoon, the Founder and Managing Partner of Kinzie Capital Partners, share the story behind her title with us on Saturday, January 23rd, and Sunday, January 24th, 2021. 315 likes · 3 were here. Feb 20, 2025 · About Kinzie Capital Partners LP Kinzie invests in lower middle-market companies in the manufactured products, business services and consumer industries with $3M to $15M of EBITDA. The $20 million fund is a rarity: It’s a firm led by a woman in a male-dominated industry. P. March 25-26, 2025 Convene, 117 W 46th St, New York City. Kinzie Capital Partners. Education: University of Iowa (B. Suzanne Yoon is the Founder and Managing Partner of Kinzie Capital Partners, a Chicago-based private equity firm that invests in lower middle market companies in the consumer, manufacturing and service industries. Kinzie Capital Partners is a Chicago-based private equity firm investing in lower middle market companies in the manufactured products, business services and consumer industries. Kinzie Capital Partners is a private equity firm. “I am confident that Fraser is well-positioned to expand its capabilities, innovate its products and reach new markets in this next chapter,” said Founded in 2017, Kinzie Capital Partners is a Chicago-based investment firm that targets investments in lower mid-market companies in manufacturing, business and consumer-related sectors across the United States. BBB Accreditation & Rating. Investor Relations Network New York Forum. The Kinzie Street Bridge was built in 1909 and stands on the historic site of the first span across the Chicago River. With Kinzie, David leads technology implementation and assists in the execution of value creation initiatives for portfolio companies. Sep 24, 2020 · CHICAGO, ILLINOIS – Kinzie Capital Partners LLC (“Kinzie”), a Chicago-based private equity firm, is proud to announce that the Private Equity Women’s Investor Network (PEWIN) has named it PEWIN North American Female Founded Firm of the Year 2020. Feb 19, 2025 · Kinzie Capital Partners is a private equity firm that focuses on investing in exceptional companies within the lower middle market. 20 N. Feb 19, 2025 · Kinzie Capital Partners LP, a Chicago-based private equity firm, has successfully acquired Fraser Steel LLC, a highly regarded manufacturer of value-added steel tubular products. In addition, she manages Kinzie’s undergraduate internship program. Where born: Chicago. “We We’ve received your response regretfully declining attendance at Kinzie Capital Partners’ Annual Meeting Reception. These documents contain information to help investors evaluate Kinzie funds’ investment objectives, risks, fees Feb 27, 2024 · About Kinzie Capital Partners LP Kinzie invests in lower middle-market companies in the manufactured products, business services and consumer industries with $3M to $15M of EBITDA. PEWIN is an internationally recognized network of female leaders in the private equity sector. Jun 7, 2021 · CHICAGO – Kinzie Capital Partners LLC (“Kinzie”), a Chicago-based private equity firm, today announced that Michael Eisinger joins as a Vice President of the Investment Team. He also assists in the sourcing and execution of investments, providing value-added oversight to portfolio companies, implementing strategic plans and the development of the Kinzie team. Founded in 1970, Fraser provides design and engineering, laser tube cutting, precision bending, robotic welding, machining, and fabrication services to the powersports Brent Nichols is Director of Portfolio Operations at Kinzie Capital Partners, where he is primarily responsible for driving growth and value creation across Kinzie’s portfolio of companies. . Suzanne Yoon is the Founder and Managing Partner of Kinzie Capital Partners, a Chicago-based private equity firm focused on control investments in lower middle market companies in the manufactured products, business services and consumer industries. Kinzie Capital’s past platform investments include Colony Display, an Elgin-based company Ryan Myers is an Analyst at Kinzie Capital Partners, where he provides support across the firm’s investment activities including financial modeling, industry analysis and portfolio support. David is a member of the Investment Committee, assisting in the development of strategic partnerships and deal sourcing. , the companies announced. Kinzie Capital Partners is a Chicago-based private equity firm that invests in lower mid-market companies across the US. We believe combining the right capital partner with a focus on operational excellence and technological innovation will drive lasting change and impactful growth. Clark St. Aug 7, 2023 · Crain’s Chicago Business named Kinzie Capital Partners Founder and Managing Partner Suzanne Yoon to their list of 2023 Notable Leaders in Finance. HFS Chicago Scholars provides financial, academic and mentoring assistance to underserved Chicago inner-city students. HFS Chicago Scholars. The firm prefers to invest in companies operating in the consumer, manufacturing, and services sectors. Kinzie Capital Partners launches campaign to Feb 18, 2025 · Kinzie Capital picks up Fraser Steel. (“GT Golf”), a leading wholesale golf distributor, today announced the acquisition of The ProActive Sports Group (“ProActive”), a national golf May 10, 2021 · About Kinzie Capital Partners LLC Kinzie invests in lower middle-market companies in the consumer, manufacturing, and services industries with $3MM to $15MM of EBITDA. Mar 14, 2025 · Kinzie Capital Partners, a Chicago-based private equity firm, bought Chelsea Lighting, a New York-based lighting distributor with a tight focus on the latest LED lighting and Kinzie Capital Partners launches campaign to support Re:new Project’s COVID-19 Mask Donation Project. Information about investing in a Kinzie Capital Partners LP (“Kinzie” or the “Firm”) fund is only available in the form of private placement memoranda, subscription agreements and other offering documents approved by Kinzie. Feb 19, 2024 · Kinzie Capital Partners Closes First Institutional Fund at $150M in Commitments CHICAGO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Kinzie Capital Partners LP (“Kinzie”) announced the close of the company’s first institutional fund, Kinzie Fund II (“The Fund”). Currently work at Kinzie Capital Partners as a member of the investment team and… · Experience: 5 Nails, LLC · Education: Lake Forest College · Location: Greater Chicago Area · 500 Dec 4, 2020 · Suzanne Yoon, 45, is founder and managing partner of Chicago private-equity firm Kinzie Capital Partners, which invests in lower midmarket consumer, manufacturing and services companies. “Fraser has built an impressive legacy as a trusted supplier of high-quality steel tubular products, and we see tremendous opportunity for growth ahead,” said Suzanne Yoon, a managing partner of Kinzie. This firm is a Registered Investment Adviser (RIA). We challenge ourselves – and each other – to be better than we were yesterday. Integrity is fundamental to how we perform our work and treat colleagues inside and outside the firm. “I wanted a name that was not necessarily tied to any one of us in the context of building a firm that would outlast the founders,” said Jun 13, 2017 · Chicago, IL, June 13, 2017 – Chicago-based private equity firm Kinzie Capital Partners LLC (Kinzie) launched earlier this year, led by Suzanne Yoon. Chicago-based Kinzie Capital Partners, one of the few private-equity firms founded and led by a woman, has raised its first investment fund, attracting $20 million from high-net-worth individuals and wealthy family offices. Kinzie is a diverse and collaborative team that strives to blend unique and informed perspectives to build broader, more comprehensive investment themes. 18. 20 North Clark Street, 36th Floor, Chicago, IL 60602 | 312-809-2490 |© Kinzie Capital Partners 2025 | All Rights Reserved David Namkung is a Co-Founder and Partner at Kinzie Capital Partners, where he leads technology strategy and resourcing for Kinzie’s portfolio companies. The firm, previously known as Kinzie Capital Partners LLC, is owned by Suzanne Yoon and David Namkung. Yoon launched the firm in 2017 with her long Mar 21, 2025 · Kinzie Capital Partners LP was founded in 2017 operates in the Venture Capital and Private Equity Principals industry. David also currently serves as a partner of operations at Kinzie Capital Partners, a Chicago-based private equity firm and strategic partner of Clarity. With a specific focus on manufactured products, business services, and consumer industries, Kinzie typically works with companies generating $3 million to $15 million in EBITDA. In 2020, Kinzie invested Jun 28, 2019 · Written by Lynne Marek for Crain’s Chicago Business. This is Kinzie Capital Partners’ 1st and Patriot Capital’s 3rd transaction in the Electrical Equipment sector. May 30, 2023 · Kinzie is a private equity firm that invests in lower middle-market companies in manufacturing, business services and consumer industries. Edit Acquisitions Section. The fund closed with $150 million in commitments from national and international investors and aims to create value through technology and operations. Sep 8, 2020 · About Kinzie Capital Partners LLC Kinzie is a woman and minority owned private equity firm investing in lower middle-market companies in the consumer, manufacturing, and services industries with $3MM to $15MM of EBITDA. Kinzie Capital Partners is driven by its mission: To create lasting positive outcomes by investing in exceptional companies and partnering with exceptional people in the lower middle market. The Fund closed with $150 million in total commitments, the company’s largest to-date, from a wide range of investors including foundations, endowments, pension funds and family offices. In 2017,she launched Kinzie as part of her long-standingvision to advance the use of technology, dataanalytics and innovation to help investors unlockvalue for companies. The firm prefers to invest in lower middle-market companies operating in the manufactured products, business services, and consumer sectors. Feb 19, 2025 · Leading the acquisition of Fraser Steel for Kinzie Capital Partners were Principal Mike Eisinger and Operating Partner Dan Harvey. Kinzie cares deeply about this organization’s mission and, with several Kinzie team members involved through Board and mentorship roles, we stay actively engaged through annual events like their Leadership Breakfast and “All in For Scholars” poker Jun 2, 2023 · Kinzie Capital Partners, the rare example of a woman-owned private-equity firm, has closed its first institutional fund, a $150 million stockpile for buyouts of businesses at the lower end of the 02/18/2025 - Kinzie Capital Partners LP, a Chicago-based private equity firm, has acquired Fraser Steel LLC, a steel tubular products manufacturer in Minneapolis, Minn. qfvb kpgbd xtaf vpmtx ugkri fbw neyo rspxvj zpj jzvy uwnsy yazbqn quoqnpi zgzxu ctef