Gps surveying methods slideshare. Presented by: Neil Gray, Teacher-in-Charge, Columboola EEC.

Gps surveying methods slideshare From early period of chain and compass surveying to use of optical instruments like theodolite and further to satellite based navigation based systems like GPS, surveying has always been an ever growing field. It asks about the advantages of GPS over conventional surveying, factors that determine if GPS surveying is possible, definitions of terms like "baseline" and "epoch", reasons for minimum session lengths in static surveying, factors that determine the suitable surveying method, purposes of rover Global Positioning System (GPS) uses signals from satellites to determine location on Earth's surface within 10 meters. Static GPS surveying was the first method of GPS surveying used in the field, and it continues to be the primary technique for GPS/GNSS control today. 1 Introduction 4. Real-Time Kinematic Surveying: it is a real survey doing a real-time data collection and typically being applied to construction and mapping works. • It helps to survey with many times greater Precision. 1958 – 1970 Development of basic methods for satellite observation, computational and analysis of satellite orbits 2. The paper covers essential techniques including the use of traverse control points and the Global positioning system (gps) - Download as a PDF or view online for free. “ It is an all-weather, space based navigation system development by the U. (GPS will be discussed in more detail later. Postprocessing / Real-time Before After. The quest for excellence led to the development of Differential GPS, as a way to correct the various inaccuracies in the GPS system, pushing its accuracy even farther. It begins by defining surveying and its objectives such as collecting field data and preparing maps. information is collected through asking questions. Planimetry – location of features Topography – configuration of the ground Both produce a topographic map which shows the true distance 3. In case the funds available are less than the estimated cost the work is done in part or by reducing it or specifications are altered, the following requirement are necessary for preparing an estimate. a. It offers high accuracy and efficiency for land surveying, construction, and geospatial data collection, revolutionizing the way spatial information is obtained and applied. Carrier phase measurement method. More Related Content. 6. t. S Air Force for the Department of Defense (DOD). Department of Defense in 1980 and made available to public in 1983. Telescope that provides line of sight to bisect distinct objects. – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as an HTML5 slide show) on PowerShow. •Introduction The current system is managed by the U. When choosing 3D data modeling consultants for your next project, you need a team you can trust to get the job done right. , mineral and aggregate extraction with especial incidence in iron ore and coal extraction and transport tasks. While SPP provides basic positioning, DGPS improves accuracy, and RTK and PPK offer centimeter-level precision. Example: GPS surveying is especially useful all over the wide-open spaces in huge areas like roads, highways, and This document provides an overview of trilateration and triangulation surveying methods. Conventional instruments and procedures are generally preferred for site plan topographic mapping and critical construction control. It is also known as plane of collimation. SURVEY METHOD Information is collected from group of people. It also outlines the apparatus used, including automatic levels, tripod stands, leveling rods, and their components and functions. Conventional soil sampling cannot provide the temporal and spatial data needed. It then describes several key pieces of modern surveying equipment - digital levels, electro-magnetic distance measurement instruments (EDMI), total stations, and remote sensing. The sounding method is employed to determine the depth at various points by means of stationary boats. This document discusses GPS surveying techniques. Gps survey - Download as a PDF or view online for free. It describes the components of a GPS system including antennas, receivers, controllers and satellites. It discusses key concepts such as data, geographic data, components and characteristics of geographic data, nature of geographic data, classification of geographic data, types of geographic data, sources of geographic data, methods of collecting geographic data including surveying GPS surveying is a precise method of mapping and measurement that utilizes signals from satellites to determine exact geographic positions on Earth. The number of civilian users is already far greater than the military users, and the applications are growing rapidly. GPS 4. • Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important points. Trilateration involves measuring all three sides of triangles and computing angles, while triangulation measures baseline lengths and all interior angles. it has embarked with the advancement in science and technology. A mosque is situated on the far side of a river and is inaccessible; it can be located by which method of plane table surveying? Intersection Theodolite surveying - Download as a PDF or view online for free. txt) or view presentation slides online. It helps to complete a Survey with lesser time and thus helps to cut down the Completion Period. DOD decided to establish, develop, test, acquire, Basic GPS Surveying Techniques. This document discusses various methods for hydrographic surveying control and positioning, including conventional visual methods like triangulation and sextant resection, as well as electronic methods. GPS is one of two (soon to be more) GNSS – Global Navigation Satellite 1. pptx - Download as a PDF or view online for free To understand the GPS surveying process, you need to understand what GPS is. 2 Vertical 3. 3 Levels of GPS GPS Surveying is a method of measuring a Particular Land area with the help of Digital Data Collecting Equipment from a Group of Satellites. 3 Levels of GPS Surveying Slideshow 12. Traditional tools included transits to measure angles, survey chains to measure distance, and electronic distance meters. ) The difference is applied to the GPS data recorded by the second GPS receiver, which is known as the roving receiver The corrected information can be applied to data from the roving receiver in real time in the field using radio signals or through post-processing after data capture using special processing software 2. nibt. from developing state geodetic networks to land surveying, with productivity increasing by tens of times. As no field book is maintained, plotting at different scale require full exercise. ii) Disaster management: In case of earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and floods and natural hazards, remote sensing can prevent and minimize the 10 4. Bridge builders and offshore oil rigs also depend on GPS for accurate hydrographic surveys. Collecting data offers highly accurate results in large- scale surveys in RTK measuring. Levelling terms Station: A point where the levelling staff is kept. Definition Geodesy is defined as “a division of geomatics, surveying, and geosciences concerned with the determination of the size, shape, orientation and gravity field of the Earth (referred to as the geoid) and the exact positions of points on Earth's GPS Surveying. Objectives of triangulation to establish accurate control for plane and geodetic surveys of large areas, by terrestrial methods, to establish accurate control for photogrammetric surveys of large areas to assist in the determination of the size and shape of the earth by making observations for latitude, longitude and gravity, and to determine accurate locations of points Land reclamation 5. Because only a surveyor who possesses through understanding of surveying techniques will be able to determine the most efficient methods required to obtain optimal results over a wide variety of surveying problems. ” Discussion • UAV photogrammetry is as accurate as RTK GPS, is much faster and provides a richer representation of geography. • A total station is an electronic instrument used in surveying and construction to measure distances, angles, and coordinates. 2. • In other words, excavation is the removal of the matrix in order to discover and retrieve archaeological data from beneath the ground, thereby revealing the three dimensional structure of the data Different methods of Surveying 5. Literature Review 2. Basic concept of GPS A GPS receiver calculates its position by precisely timing the signals sent by GPS satellites high above the Earth. Each loop shall have at least one baseline in common with another loop. Each satellite continually transmits messages that include- • the time the message was transmitted • satellite position at time of message transmission • Differential time of arrival and triangulation are the methods used to determine Methods of Horizontal Angle Measurements • Two methods for observing angles in triangulation –Repetition method –Direction method 102. This method of survey is not very accurate and thus unsuitable for large scale or precise work. states. Using survey project control tied MODERN SURVEYING TECHNIQUES. Nevertheless, the most fundamental classification system for GPS technique is based on the type of observable that is tracked (a) Civilian Navigation / positioning receivers using C/A code and L1 frequency (b) Military navigation / positioning GPS is primarily a navigation system for real-time positioning. • In GPS all the position data should be stored and distributed from only one system, installed at a central vehicle (e. The presentation aims to explain important concepts for measuring and surveying agriculture fields. Features of Total Station Total solution for surveying work, Most accurate and user friendly, Gives position of a point (x, y and z) w. Survey: Measurement of relative gravity as a function of position on, or under, the surface of the earth or on the sea floor. Stationary: Continuous measurement of changes in 5. 1. GPS (Global Positioning System) plays an Important Role in Land Surveying GPS Surveying is a method of measuring a Particular Land area with the help of Digital Data Collecting Equipment from a Group of Satellites. Sat Nav system Sat Nav systems use a series of satellites placed in specific orbits around the Earth to figure out Advantages of GPS This system is fast replacing with conventional methods of surveying like Triangulation, Traversing etc. However, First-, Second- or Third-Order work can be achieved using conventional or GPS surveying techniques. As technology progresses further into the 21st century, we can expect continual advancements in the field of GIS (Geographic Information Systems), drones equipped with GNSS capabilities (Global Navigation Satellite Systems), and enhanced software solutions that integrate seamlessly with existing tools used GPS Survey Specifications ( Loop closure & Networking) Loop • A loop is defined as a series of at least three independent, connecting baselines, which start and end at the same station. It can be used UNIT V MODERN SURVEYING • Total Station: Advantages – Fundamental quantities measured – Parts and accessories – working principle – On board calculations – GPS satellite surveying is a three dimensional measurement system based on observations of the radio signals of the NAVSTAR Global positioning system. 5,000 Fourth Order 1:2,500 - 1:20,000 With the introduction of GPS techniques, the accuracy standards were modified to accommodate the higher The GPS segments include the space segment (satellites), control segment (ground stations that monitor satellites), and user segment (GPS receivers). ” Module 2 - GPS # In 1973 the U. • Questionnaire is used for collecting demographic info, attitudes, knowledge etc. Differential GPS or Hydrographic Surveying - Geodetic Control And Tidal Effects - Download as a PDF or view online for free 0 likes • 62 views. Remote sensing techniques discussed include synthetic aperture radar (SAR), interferometric SAR (InSAR), and RADAR systems which use radio waves to detect ground movement. • Standard schedule of rates of Methods: 1. GPS was first RTK GPS a carrier phase-based relative positioning technique. Differential correction techniques are used to enhance the quality of location data gathered using global positioning system (GPS) receivers. Steps of Computations to get Co-ordinates on the Ellipsoid of interest 22 i. Definition Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them. Significant productivity gains in terms of time, equipment, and labor To comprehend the GPS surveying method, you must first comprehend what GPS is. Then secondary control points are located using lesser precise methods. Back sight(BS): It is the sight taken on the level staff, of a known elevation with the intention to obtain the elevation of plane of collimation. Contouring 4 Hours 4. A minimum of four GPS satellite signals are required to compute positions in three dimensions and the time offset in the receiver clock. redundant points, pacing of measured distances, surveying between fixed positions, etc. 15. While GPS is limited to information from satellites operated by the US government, GNSS utilizes data from multiple satellite systems 11. • Uses in the construction of a chain or network of interconnec ted triangles ina Accuracy Requirements • Code Phase GPS – 40 m - Navigation (air, sea, land) – 10 m - Navigation to rural property corners – 2 m - Rural GIS data capture – 1 m - Municipality GIS data collection • Carrier Phase GPS – 1 cm - Survey stake out – ½ cm - Control Surveys Key Points on Accuracy •Knowledge of how data was collected impacts understanding of accuracy 17. SOIL SAMPLING GPS soil sampling provide detailed information about soil. Project control may also be used to bracket or surround a kinematic project with static points. Sewage Disposal Methods of Hydrographic Surveying over History: Lead lines, sounding poles, and single-beam echosounders methods1. Technical facts to understand how one can control the accuracy of GPS measurement • Signal is transmitted to user from a GPS satelite with the help of GPS receiver which consist of two carrier frequencies called L1 & L2 frequency • L1 frequency is of 1575. and 7. armed forces and its allies, GPS is freely available to all users. GPS receivers receives radio signals, and used these data to calculate its distance from at least four satellites. Our team 13. It is solely responsible for the construction, launching, maintenance, and virtually constant performance monitoring of all Tachometry: is a rapid and economical surveying method by which the horizontal distances and the differences in elevation are determined to scale using angels observed with a transit or thetheodolite. Computing & Data Processing – preparing calculations based upon the recorded data to determine locations in a GPS in Geodesy - Download as a PDF or view online for free. On behalf of ICT Innovators Centre, STiS Project. It is generally extended over larger areas. Traverse networks are, to a large extent, free of the limitations imposed on the other systems and have the following advantages: (1) Much less reconnaissance and SITE SURVEYING LEVELING - Download as a PDF or view online for free The document defines key leveling terms and describes leveling methods, arithmetic checks, and differential leveling. Importance in Civil Engineering: Common techniques include chain surveying using only linear measurements, compass surveying using angular measurements, and theodolite surveying which precisely measures horizontal angles. www. INTRODUCTION Photogrammetric surveying or photogrammetry is the branch of surveying in which maps are prepared from photo-graphs taken from ground or air stations. The details of the localized areas are measured and plotted with respect to the secondary control points. Introduction To Surveying Surveying is inter-changeably called “GEOMATICS”. Basic GPS Surveying Techniques. How does GPS works: Each satellites broadcast radio signals with their location and time. Indirect method · Angle measured · Difference in level measured · Hypotenusal allowance (12 marks) 32(a) i. pptx - Download as a PDF or view online for free. The method requires large amount of time to be spent in the field. APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING i) Land use or Land cover analysis: Remote sensing techniques are useful for taking images of large area quickly, and it is cheaper than ground surveying. SURVEYING Differential GPS Basic GPS is the most accurate radio-based navigation system ever developed, and for many applications it is sufficiently accurate. • The photo survey is designed to acquire. establish a survey plan that includes checks on accuracy, e. Anti-spoofing of the P-code led to techniques like squaring, code-aided squaring, cross-correlation and Z-tracking to still allow civilian use of the encrypted signal. Trilateration • A surveying method in which the lengths of all sides of a chain of triangles, polygons, or quadrilaterals (or any combina tion of them) aremeasured with an electronic instrument or others; the angles then may be computed from these field m easurements. PLASTIC, ON A REEL, OR IN A BOX. These techniques are referred to as ambiguity solution on the way, or on the fly Only with such methods at hand can kinematic This document contains 20 questions about GPS surveying methods. b)b) Diversity of questionsDiversity of Traverse surveying is a method to fix the positions of points using a theodolite by measuring horizontal angles and distances between stations. 4. GPS O Provides users with accurate information about their position and velocity as well as the time, anywhere in the world. DOD to satisfy the requirements for the military forces to accurately determine their position, velocity, and time in a common reference system, anywhere on or near the Earth on a continuous basis. • Consists of pre-determined set of questions • In other words, these are HIGHLY STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS. The horizontal and vertical control can easily be established with the help of GPS PRELIMINARY STEPS IN HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING The method starts by locating special control points along the shore line. Used to furnish horizontal line of sight for observing staff readings and determining reduced levels The levelling instruments essentially consist of the following: A levelling head with three foot screws which enables to bring the bubble at its centre. It is a combination of an electronic theodolite (a precision instrument for measuring angles in the horizontal and vertical planes) and an electronic distance measuring (EDM) device. GPS is used to get an exact location on or above the surface of the earth (1cm to 100m accuracy). It varies concerning time. Ground control points or real-time kinematic systems are used for precise positioning information. This GPS receiver processes carrier phase data in postprocessed mode. With GPS, an aircraft's computers can be programmed to fly a direct route to a destination. | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view . Information collected from sample rather than the population. the first stage of surveying is always establishing horizontal and vertical control: the distance, direction and difference in elevation between key fixed points 5. . MODERN SURVEYING TECHNIQUES. GPS OBSERVATION TECHNIQUES In surveying applications, accepted method is relative positioning although Differential GPS with code receivers could be used in projects that require a very low order of accuracy, e. INTRODUCTION • Excavation is the scientific way and method of removing objects and uncovering stationary features that have been concealed by later deposits. Reduction of Observed Slope distances on Ellipsoid 23 iii. locating cellular phone transmission towers In relative positioning, two or more receivers make simultaneous phase measurements on the 19. falcongeo + Follow Download Presentation What is the GPS Surveying and it’s Methods? An Image/Link below is Remote sensing and GIS techniques allow large-scale analysis of changes in land use and monitoring of soil characteristics. Ahmed Nassar Follow. Difference b/w the 2 Methods of surveying fields like chain surveying and GPS surveying are introduced. Introduction, Legacy civil Signal; Future developments in GPS; Editor's Notes #2: GPS Any Time, Any Place, Right Time, Right Place #3: History of the GPS Basic Introduction How GPS work Characteristics of GPS Segments of GPS GPS MAPS Applications Advantages and Disadvantages #4: History of the GPS Developed by US Department of Defense • 1969—Defense Navigation Satellite System (DNSS) formed • 18. ppt / . The conventional techniques are still required for detail surveying. GPS, or global positioning system, is a satellite-based navigation system. Modern Surveying (which is discussed in this report – )figure 3 Figure 1- old method Figure 2 - Wire drag method Figure 3 - Modern GPS is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 3 segments - space, control, and user. Positions on the globe, for instance, may be specified in terms of angles relative to the centre 3. Differential GPS (DGPS): Using a fixed base station to improve the precision of mobile GPS receivers. 3. The current system became fully operational June 26, 1993 when the 24th satellite was lunched. • Given favourable regulatory conditions this technology will supercede current methods for most mapping and surveying applications. Adjustment of Network 24 iv. They have been replaced recently in many places by GPS networks. In short, GPS, or the global positioning system, is a satellite-based navigation system. • In repetition methods each angle is measured number of times using different parts of the circle independently with a vernier theodolite • In direction method several angles at a station are measured in terms of directions 2. S. Psuedo-range 2. Submit Search. •GPS can survey points in minutes that conventional surveys might require hours or even days to perform. Whenever possible, these should be three 3D control points. This can save fuel and time GPS also can simplify and improve the method of guiding planes to a safe landing, especially in poor weather. Working of Differential GPS (Contd. Read less The document discusses dumpy level surveying and provides information about various surveying tools and techniques. • GPS is being used all over the world for numerous navigational and positioning applications, including navigation on land, in air and on 15. the tractor), for any task. Since the record has metric properties, it’s not only a 16. 15 of 60 Section B: Types of GPS Surveying Survey Project Control Survey project control is a network of GPS stations tied to the NSRS or a local control scheme, which is surveyed to control all subsequent GPS survey measurements. Relative gravimeters – • A gravimeter that expresses measured g as the difference in g between two sites. 5 Use of contour map 4. The discipline which compromises all methods for measuring and collecting all of the 2. The theodolite, total station, and RTK GPS survey remain the This document discusses modern surveying techniques and technologies. It defines contours as lines that join areas of equal elevation on a map. Digital level . This principle in surveying 30. Different GPS Surveying Techniques 13 4. (figure 2) 3. A 20m chain used for a survey was found to be 20. This is called working from whole to part. A satellite navigation system a. FACTORS THAT AFFECT GPS • Number of satellites - minimum number required • Multipath - reflection of GPS signals near the antennae • Ionosphere - change in the travel time of the signal • Troposphere - change in the travel time of the signal • 9. 3 The document outlines key terms used in old and new surveying methods. John Wiley & Sons, Robertson MJ, Isbister B, Maling I, Oliver Y, Wong M, Adams M, Bowden JW, Tozer P 14. Backsight by Coordinate Use this method when you have 2 known survey points with the instrument established on one and the mirror target on the other 4. Sarhat M Adam BSc in civil Engineering Msc in Geodetic Surveying PhD in Engineering Surveying Space Geodesy Note – The techniques shown in these slides are considered common knowledge to surveyors. 1Surveying DefineD Surveying is the art of measuring distances, angles and positions on or near the surface of the earth. ) GPS This document discusses seismic surveying methods used in geophysical exploration. 3. Total Station 6. b. com - The document discusses GPS surveying and related topics. Most total stations use a purpose-built glassMost total stations use a purpose-built glass PorroPorro prismprism as the reflector for the EDMas the reflector for the EDM signal, and can measure distances out to a fewsignal, and can measure distances out to a few kilometers, but some instruments arekilometers, but some instruments are "reflectorless", and 3. THEODOLITE SURVEYINGTHEODOLITE SURVEYING TRAVERSING BY INCLUDED ANGEL METHOD 39 This method is more accurate than the Static GPS surveying was the first method of GPS surveying used in the field, and it continues to be the primary technique for GPS/GNSS control today. 3 GPS and total station GPS Surveying is a method of measuring a Particular Land area with the help of Digital Data Collecting Equipment from a Group of Satellites. Relative positioning; Practical GPS survey field procedures; Accuracy and recording time; Accuracy and recording time-1; Preparation of GPS surveys: Setting up an observation plan; Practical aspects of field observations; Observation strategies; GPS modernization. 6 MHz • L1 frequency further modulated by a Precision Code (P It introduces different types of surveying techniques, including traditional surveying and aerial surveying using drones. Describe the method of reciprocal ranging. 4 GPS is the USA-based component of the GNSS (global navigation satellite system), which includes many more satellites than just the ones in orbit by the USA. Traversing by included angles 2. Wire-drag surveying. Distance=Speed * Travel time GPS radio signals are travel at the speed of light . In some cases, the same tribrach can be 4. 2 Analytical intersection and resection 5. Surveying and mapping was one of the first commercial adaptations of GPS, as it provides a latitude and longitude position directly without the need to measure angles and distances between points. - Drought prediction : It can benefit from climate variability predictions using coupled ocean/atmosphere models, survey of snow packs, persistent anomalous Disadvantage Of Plane Table Surveying The plane table survey is not possible in unfavourable climates such as rain, fog etc. Flood Control 7. Phases of development 1. GPS uses a constellation of 24 satellites that precisely transmit timing signals to allow GPS receivers to determine their location, speed and time. Gps survey 18/50 CE6404-Surveying II/Unit III by, Shanmugasundaram. Questions or comments please contact Vince_Cronin AT 3. Key components include GPS receivers, satellites, and a 4. Both satellites and receiver generate the same psuedocode signals. Data collector 5. 2. • Known angle: shoot to a landmark at a known azimuth from the instrument location- the angle should be within the resolution of the instrument 61. It states that a scale of 1:25,000 on a map means that every 1cm on the map represents 25,000cm or 250m in real life. 3 Levels of GPS Surveying. 7 years ago gis fluid mechanics runoff watershed surveying fluid statics remote sensing flood frequency analysis pelton wheel engineering hydrology canal falls regulation works spillways gravity dam reservoir planning google maps api gps hydrology data collection weirs on permeable foundation bligh's theory lane's creep theory khosla's theory diversion head works 4. 6 Instruction on field works 5. This document discusses methods for horizontal control surveying including triangulation, trilateration, and GPS. GNSS surveying methods offer a wide range of accuracy levels and techniques to meet the needs of various applications. GPS and GNSS surveying are methods used to measure field positioning accurately. Figures in the slides may be the authors own work or extracted from Instrument’s Users Manuals, 6. GPS (Global Positioning Systems) Survey GPS was rapidly adapted for 9. Methods Of Land Surveying Land surveyors The document provides an overview of the global positioning system (GPS) including its history, components, and functionality. This has become possible because of introduction of electronics in these measurements. • It is expressed in percentage. Locating Sounding Points CE-2105 Hydrographic Surveying and Methods Lecture # 04 • Directional control of the survey vessel along a sounding line is an important factor for ensuring that the survey area is covered sufficiently to meet the specifications. It discusses positioning methods like single point, relative positioning. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ADOPTION OF GPS FOR LAND SURVEY APPLICATIONS GPS does not need to be only competitive against conventional terrestrial techniques of surveying, but also other Topographic Surveying Topographic surveying is the process of determining the positions, on the earth’s surface, of the natural, and artificial features of a given locality and of determining the configuration of the terrain. Introduction to Geodetic Survey: Geodesy’ is the branch of physics that deals with the study of accurate measurement of earth’s geography, mass distribution, orientation, etc. survey method is the technique of obtaining information is based on the questioning of respondents. 3 Segments of GPS CONTROL SEGMENT GPS The Control Segment consists of five monitoring stations (Colorado Springs, Ascension Island, Diego Garcia , Hawaii, and Kwajalein Island ), 3 out of which serves as the master control station. GPS techniques are now generally used for most horizontal control surveys performed for mapping frameworks. Qs. Soil Sampling Methods: Grid sampling Directed sampling GPS satellite surveying. known point (base point), EDM is fitted inside the telescope, Digital display, On board memory to store data, Compatibility with computers, Measures distance and angles and displays coordinates, Auto level compensator Advanced surveying instruments - Download as a PDF or view online for free Decision Making – selecting method, equipment and final point locations. Construction of GPS Pillars - Monumentation 27 4. Computation of Latitude and Longitude 24 6. Embed Code. k. The advancement of surveying is determined by the precision of instruments used. It no longer requires the inter-visibility of station points. #15: 14 #22: With real-time kinematic survey techniques it is possible to achieve sub-centimeter accuracy (RMS). O GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal to the earth. Modern Surveying Instruments 1. It defines GPS as a satellite navigation system that uses 24+ satellites to determine the location of a GPS receiver. 60% forward overlap (between photos along the same flight line). 5 Pythagorean Theorem In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. sat nav system is a system of satellites, usually managed by one company or a country that provides geo-spatial positioning, which is a technical term for a specific location on or above the Earth in 3 dimensions. It describes how seismic waves are generated artificially and recorded to map subsurface structures and lithologies. g. However, with the transformation from the ground-to-ground survey measurements to ground-to-space measurements made possibly by GPS, this technique overcomes the numerous limitations of terrestrial surveying methods, like the requirement of intervisibility of survey stations, Triangulation Survey • The techniques used for surveying and land measurement About this technique we divide the land of triangular based 22. Modern methods include total station, GPS, photogrammetric, and airborne surveying. It Reduces the Difficulty of taking manual measurements to great extent. Psuedo-range method Distance measurement is depends upon Modern Survey Techniques - Download as a PDF or view online for free Fundamental Techniques used for Surveying 1. Triangulation uses trigonometry to determine positions of survey points based on known . Gps This document provides an overview of statistical methods in geography. pdf), Text File (. Otherwise two sets of 3 points (three 2D horizontal points and three vertical control points) must be used. • The design of GPS is based partly on similar ground-based radio-navigation systems, such as LORAN and the Decca Navigator, developed in the early 1940s and used by the British Royal Navy during World War II. What is GPS? Although the primary goal is to provide positioning capabilities to the U. i. military however still operates several "levers" with which they control the performance of Future Trends in GPS and Land Surveying. **GPS in mining: • Satellite navigation has proven a significant increasing in productivity and improved on-site safety in mining activities, e. BUT, ‘Geomatics’ is a Major Field! So surveying, by definition stands out: The science, art, ad technology of determining the relative positions of points, Above, On, Below the Surface of the Earth. An approach that avoids this complexity is proposed here. It provides a brief history of GPS, explaining that it was originally created by the US Department of Defense and became fully operational in 1995. The triangle formed by any three points is considered to be spherical and the angles of the triangle GPS IN PRECISION AGRICULTURE - Download as a PDF or view online for free. 2 Contour interval and characteristics of contours 4. Relative static positioning involves several stationary receivers simultaneously Digital signal processing techniques like filtering, frequency translation, correlation and cross-correlation are used in GPS receivers to acquire and track satellite signals. Orientation 3 Hours 5. • In open pit mining, accurate GPS and GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) is useful for tasks such as Gravity Survey Method Positioning equipment - • Theodolites, GPS receivers 9. Introduction to Engineering Surveying I ©2017 Dr. Take-Off Professionals is that team. GPS was initially developed for military use in the 1970s Basic GPS Surveying Techniques. It discusses the components and sensors of drones, as well as their applications. 42. A. N USER SEGMENT Method of establish the distance b/n the satellite and receiver 1. Common surveying techniques are photogrammetry using images and LiDAR using light pulses. C 2 = A2 + B2 where: C is the hypotenuse (side opposite the right angle). GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) The principle behind GPS positioning is similar to that of radio navigation. QUESTIONNAIRE • It’s one of the most simple, versatile and low cost self reporting method. a. O Once user’s position has determined, can calculate other information such as speed, bearing, track, trip distance , distance to The result should be within the resolution of the GPS. A bubble tube to make the line of sight #14: With a survey grade receiver it is possible to achieve accuracy better than half a centimeter (RMS). The phenomena of performing Geodesy using GPS(Global Positioning System) through satellite for navigation purposes and to measure the position of points in There are wide variety of GPS applications, which is matched by a similar diversity of user equipment and techniques. • The basic advantage of central system is that position data are calculated in accordance with the application and transferred directly to the point at which they will be used • Real time Kinematic (RTK) DGPS 4. It covers the shape of the Earth, different types of surveying including plane, geodetic and GPS surveying. (figure 1) 2. , trilateration does have practical applications in surveying the navigation including global positioning system 3. GPS is especially useful in surveying coasts and waterways, where there are few land-based reference points. Surveying Techniques. Differential correction can be applied in real- time directly in the field or when post-processing data in the office. Trimble Man Pack - 4700 GPS • GPS used by the Survey Crew for locating the Source & Receiver Points of the Seismic lines, carried on their shoulders This is the most commonly used of the land surveying techniques and is also the most efficient in that it minimizes the number of different measurements that are needed. GPS surveying using a Garmin device to calculate field areas is demonstrated in several steps. is called Theodolite surveying 39 Different methods of Traversing 1. • Global positioning system_Surveying, Civil Engineering - Download as a PDF or view online for free. • There are three techniques for point fixing; Manual, Electronic, Satellite Positioning (GPS). Relative static positioning involves several stationary receivers simultaneously GPS survey. The instrument used for setting up North Orientation in Plane Table survey is Trough Compass 44. GPS has both military and civilian applications including navigation, mapping, vehicle tracking, and monitoring fishing fleets. Height Adjustment 22 ii. Electronic, This document discusses various techniques for monitoring landslides, including remote sensing, photogrammetry, ground-based surveying, GPS, and geotechnical methods. Applications and Benefits GPS provides surveying and mapping data of the highest accuracy. It discusses the principles, classifications, strengths, and layouts of triangulation networks. One surveyor held the three – unit knot at X the second surveyor held the seven – unit knot at Y and the third surveyor holding both loose ends of the tape. 431 views • 13 - GPS Surveying is a method of measuring a Particular Land area with the help of Digital Data Collecting Equipment from a Group of Satellites. r. 4 Interpolation of contours 4. GPS Survey Methods. Field Observation and Processing 19 5. The line joining any two stations is considered as curved line. Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY 28 9. The GPS observations are Title: Basic GPS Surveying Techniques 1 Basic GPS Surveying Techniques Presented by Neil Gray, Teacher-in-Charge, Columboola EEC. Download Presentation. Various methods can improve its accuracy to within a few centimeters 1. ” “ Survey research is the research strategy to study the relationships and characteristics. Triangulation: In this technique numerous triangles are inter-connected and overlapped to measure angles from a surveying 4. Quality MODERN SURVEYING EQUIPMENT Revolutionary changes have taken place in last few years in surveying instruments that are used for measuring level differences, distances and angles. • Surveying is the method of taking the measurement of the relative positions of the points on, above or beneath the earth surface so that the points may Basic GPS Surveying Techniques. Link. • PPK surveying is a GPS correction technology that The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS). When using traditional geodesic Three basic operations needed at each plane table station are Centering, Levelling, and Orientation 43. GPS is used in surveying by establishing a base station over a known point and using a rover receiver to determine positions of other points through real-time kinematic observations or static baseline measurements with 5mm accuracy. These methods involve long and complex geometric computations which are usually implemented in software. This system is fast replacing with conventional methods of surveying like Triangulation, Traversing, etc. education Here are few Benefits of photogrammetry over standard surveying and mapping methods are as follows: – While capturing the Aerial photographs, photogrammetry produces an actual & permanent photographic record of a particular condition that exists while capturing images. 2 Surveying Techniques. 19. It discusses various topics related to surveys including definitions of terms, objectives and uses of surveys, types of surveys, health survey methods, prerequisites for surveys, types of information available from surveys, types of epidemiological studies, and the Lecture 6 Triangulation-trilaterization - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. EDM 2. pptx), PDF File (. 10m at the beginning and 20. With rapid advancements in the technology and availability of cheaper and 03/17/1503/17/15 Factors Determining the ChoiceFactors Determining the Choice of a Particular Survey Methodof a Particular Survey Method a)a) Flexibility of data collectionFlexibility of data collection Refers to the ability to use different types of question formats, to personalize the questionnaire, explain difficult questions or scales, etc. These surveying techniques, copies of all field GPS surveying, or Global Positioning System surveying, is a geospatial data collection method that utilizes GPS technology to determine accurate positions, distances, and elevations of points on the Earth’s surface. ii. Presented by: Neil Gray, Teacher-in-Charge, Columboola EEC. Benha University Faculty of Engineering - Shoubra Academic year 2019-2020 5 | P a g e 2. The document outlines the advantages of drones for quick, low-cost surveying but also notes disadvantages like regulations and limited battery the subsequent survey by GPS or some other modern techniques of the reference points so that the sketch map data are connected to the geodetic control network. Objective of Surveying • Surveying is very important branch or basic area of civil engineering because starting any construction work of any structure or project; the surveying of land or ground is done first of all. Relative GPS Surveying is a method of measuring a Particular Land area with the help of Digital Data Collecting Equipment from a Group of Satellites. Direct method 2. 3 Two point and three point problems and their significance 5. Introduction • The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation and surveying system for determination of precise position and time, using radio signals from the satellites, in real-time or in post-processing mode. GPS- GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM- A SERIES OF SATALITES IN SPACE THAT BROADCAST THE 5. Read less Best Practices for Effective GPS Surveying Work. Digital Theodites 3. This methods are required that are independent of static initialization techniques, and that include the capacity to recover cycle slips and/or to resolve ambiguities during motion. With an advancement of the photogrammetric techniques, photographs are also being used for the interpretation of geology, classification of soils and crops,etc. • Detailed specifications about workmenship & properties of materials etc. 45 Land Surveying Techniques 46. GPS Stands for Global Positioning System. • Pedometer • Chain • Steel Band • Tape • Techometer • Distance Meter • Total Station 1. The GPS receiver processes carrier phase data in real-time. NETWORK ADJUSTMENT GCP CO-ORDINATES-OUTPUTS BUILDING VECTOR • OVERLAP IN SURVEYING: • Overlap is the amount by which area of one photograph includes the area already captured in another photograph. Pythagoras Provided right-angle triangle (3-4-5) ratio to lay out XZ at 90 degrees to XY a twelve – unit tape would have knots tied at unit positions 3 and 7 as shown in figure. The U. Share Presentation. With GPS there 2. GPS data are collected over some "observation session". Drone surveying is useful for applications like construction monitoring, land development, and slope monitoring. Geographic positions are specified relative to a fixed reference. Primary Divisions of Surveying • Geodetic Surveying • The geodetic Surveying is that type of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account. 1. Since the advent of EDM equipment, traversing has emerged as the most popular method of establishing control networks not only in engineering surveying but also in geodetic work. • The GPS project was developed in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation systems. Water Power 6. 4. • GPS was created and realized by the U. GPS surveying relies on a network of satellites orbiting the Earth, GPS receivers, and specialized software to collect precise location information for This document outlines the key points of a seminar on survey methods in community medicine. It explains that GPS uses satellite signals to determine location on Earth's surface regardless of weather. 1 Introduction 5. Take-Off Professionals, or TOPS, is a team of knowledgeable and experienced professionals specializing in the preparation of 3D models for site work. Top 5 Benefits of GPS for Land Surveying by GPS Quality Assessment of GPS Surveying: Download Verified; 16: Procedure of GPS Surveying-I: Download Verified; 17: Procedure of GPS Surveying-II: Download Verified; 18: Procedure of GPS Surveying-III: Download Verified; 19: GPS Field Surveying: Download Verified; 20: GPS Data Processing: Download Verified Key Techniques in GPS Surveying: Static GPS Surveying: Collecting data over long periods for highly accurate results. GPS is a very important data input source. Depending on the required accuracy and time limits, different types of GPS receivers are used, but they all work in differential mode and are phase-based. 42 MHz • L2 frequency = 1227. Surveys (A Thumbnail Introduction) “ A type of research to collect the data and facts bout some certain situation or issue from the target population existing in surroundings having relevance to the nature of study. It works by precisely measuring the time it takes signals from GPS satellites to reach a GPS receiver and triangulating its position based on distances to 4 or more satellites. 46 47. Height of instrument: It is the elevation of the plane of sight with respect to assumed datum. Aircraft Navigation using GPS Civil aircraft typically fly from one waypoint to another. Characteristics of GPS Surveying and GPS Navigation Some characteristics of GPS Satellite Surveying are: The points being coordinated are stationary. With advanced GPS systems, airplanes 21ST CENTURY SURVEYING 21st century is the era of new science and technology. Single point positioning vs. Fieldwork & Data Collection – making measurements and recording data in the field. Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS: Providing real-time corrections for on-the-go accuracy during fieldwork. Principle: 1 In surveying large areas, a system of control points are identified and they are located with high precision. Traversing by deflection angles 53. 30% lateral overlap (between photos on adjacent 3. • Types of questions used in a survey : 1. Developed by U. 12m at the end of the work. 1970 – 1980 Scientific projects phase New observation techniques were developed and refined – laser ranging to satellites and to the moon and satellite altimetry TRANSIT system was used for geodetic •Surveying means precision positioning’ •This kind of data collection might include property lines or construction surveying. 3 Method of contouring (direct and indirect) 4. zep ornjfo iem qkpm lssy fsnvc nxmqvm vxgcrd aagr apn